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Towards academic reading

Look at the picture below. The man is in charge of a new project, and he is a man with a plan. Before he started to work on the project, he spent a lot of time and energy working out exactly what he thought would be the best way to do the project and exactly what the finished product must look like.

Read this paragraph and answer the question below.

Why Is Flexible Thinking Important?

At the 2005 conference of the American Psychologists' Association, Vartanian and his colleagues presented research which focused on flexible thinking as the most basic component of creativity. Flexible thinking enables us to look at a problem or situation in a new way and to come up with an innovative solution or product. According to these researchers, the keys to creativity are conceptual flexibility, divergent thinking and not committing too early to one solution when trying to solve a problem.

After you read the above paragraph, try to answer this question: What do you think the chain in the picture below symbolizes? Choose 2 correct answers.

Planning a solution before he starts may make him inflexible and prevent him from seeing additional factors that only come up after he starts working.

The chain is to stop him from running away from the project.

His plan has stopped him from being flexible and seeing better ways to achieve his goal.