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Towards academic reading

Universal values are values that are the same in almost all cultures. According to the philosopher Isaiah Berlin, "...universal values....are values that a great many human beings in the vast majority of places and situations, at almost all times, do in fact hold in common".

Can you think of values that meet this description?

Read this paragraph and answer the question below.

Cultural Values

Although the number of fat Americans is steadily growing, American culture values the "thin ideal". In contrast to the present American obsession with the importance of being thin, being fat is highly valued in some other cultures. For example, in some African societies, very heavy women have higher status because being fat is viewed as an indication of health and wealth.

According to the above paragraph, which answers are correct? Choose 2 correct answers.

All cultures value thin women.

Different cultures have different values.

Not all values are universally shared by all cultures.

All cultures have the same values.