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Towards academic reading

What Does "Significant" Mean in a Research Context?

 

In research studies, a statistically significant relationship between variables means that the variables are probably related or connected to each other in a way that is probably not  due only to chance or coincidence.

Read this paragraph and answer the question below.

What Do These Results Mean?

 

A recent study compared 2 groups of students who registered for a history course. One group studied history in a conventional face-to-face classroom. The other group studied an online Internet course,  and studied only at home. Students who did the online course at home got higher test scores than students who studied in the classroom. The researchers did statistical analyses to see if there were statistically significant differences between scores in the two groups of students. These analyses showed that students in the online course got significantly higher test scores than students in the face-to-face classroom course.

Which answer below best completes the sentence? Choose ONE correct answer.

A statistically significant increase in online students' scores means that...

all online courses, not just history courses, will also result in higher test scores.

the higher test scores in the online group were connected to features of online courses that improve teaching and learning.

the improvement in students' test scores in the online group was probably caused by chance or coincidence.